Mais qui est donc Heinrich Hoffmann, le père du Struwwelpeter ...?

Voici quelques extraits de sa biographie, en Anglais et en Allemand. Notons qu'il existe un Musée Heinrich Hoffmann à Frankfort, sa ville natale.

Également quelques extraits de forums au sujet du Struwwelpeter.

Heinrich Hoffmann (1809-1894) - pseudonymes Reimerich Kinderlieb, Heinrich Kinderlieb, Peter Struwwel, Heulalius von Heulenburg, Polykarpus Gastfenger, et Zwiebel Heinrich Hoffmann (1809-1894) - pseudonyms Reimerich Kinderlieb, Heinrich Kinderlieb, Peter Struwwel,   Heulalius von Heulenburg, Polykarpus Gastfenger, and Zwiebel

Médecin Allemand et écrivain, mieux connu pour son oeuvre LE STRUWWELPETER (1845), ou Pierre L'ébouriffé, l'histoire d'une garçon qui avait de mauvaises manières. Les histoire didactiques de Hoffmann furent écrites contre tous les principes "politiquement corrects" - qui étaient d'effrayer les enfants lorsqu'ils n'avaient pas suivi les instructions de leurs aînés. Le Struwwelpeter a été traduit en près de 30 langues, et a profondément influencé la littérature enfantine. Maurice Sendak, l'un des plus fameux illustrateur de livres d'enfants, s'est prononcé sur ces dessins : "Graphiquement, c'est l'un des plus beaux livre au monde".

Hoffmann est né à Frankfort sur le Main, fils de Philippe Jacob Hoffmann, architecte, et Marianne Caroline (Lausberg) Hoffmann. Il étudia la médecine à l'université de Heidelberg, Halle et également à Paris. Après son diplôme en 1933, il travailla comme médecin généraliste dans sa ville natale. En 1840, Hoffmann épousa Thérèse Donner. De 1851 à 1888, il fut Directeur de l'hôpital psychiatrique de Frankfort sur le Main. Pendant ces 37 ans, il découvrit des traitement psychiatriques pour ses patients, et commença à rassembler des fonds pour construire un nouvel hôpital. Il devint franc-maçon, mais démissionna à cause de leurs opinions anti-juives.

A l'âge de 33 ans, Hoffmann publia son premier livre GEDICHTE (Histoires). Son ouvrage suivant, DIE MONDZÜGLER (Le dompteur de Lune), était un jeu pour se moquer de la philosophie Hégélienne. L'histoire de Slovenly Peter (Pierre l'ébouriffé) est née en 1944, quand Hoffmann voulut acheter un livre pour son fils Carl comme cadeau de Noël, mais il ne trouva rien de satisfaisant. (Carl Hoffmann mourut à l'âge de 27 ans au Pérou de la fièvre jaune.) La première version comprenait 5 poèmes avec une image de Pierre qui ne voulait pas coiffer ses cheveux et couper ses ongles. Il s'était servi de ces personnages auparavant quand il eut affaire avec ses jeunes patients.

Quand les amis de Hoffmann et ses patient, lisant le livre dans la salle d'attente, l'encouragèrent à publier le livre, il apparut en 1845 sous le titre de " Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorirten Tafeln für Kinder von 3-6 Jahren" (Histoires drôles et images avec 15 beaux tableaux pour enfants de 3 à 6 ans). Le nom de Struwwelpeter n'était pas le titre  original, mais ajouté pour la 3ème édition allemande. Il ne le fut pas jusqu'à la 5ème édition, quand le livre fut publié sous le nom de Hoffmann. Il illustra lui-même la première édition sous l'influence d'un livre d'enfants russe, Stepka-Rastrepka, lequel apparut en 1849. Beaucoup considérèrent les illustrations de Hoffmann meilleures.  

Les histoires dans Le Struwwelpeter sont éducatives dans la meilleure tradition de l'humour macabre : une fillette qui joue avec des allumettes se consume en cendres, les pouces sont coupés avec de grands ciseaux pour celui qui les suce, de petites fautes sont punies de mort. Hoffmann publia également des poèmes, de l'humour, des satires, plusieurs autres livres d'enfants, et des travaux en médecine et psychiatrie. BESUCH BEI FRAU SONNE (Visite chez dame soleil) fut dessiné en 1871-72, mais le livre ne sortit pas avant 1924. Le KÖNIG NUSSKNACKER UND DER ARME REINHOLD (1851) (Le roi casse-noisettes et le pauvre Reinhold) ont été très populaires en Allemagne; c'était le livre favori de l'auteur. Hoffmann mourut le 20 septembre 1894.

German physician and writer who is best known for his work DER STRUWWELPETER (1845), Shockhead Peter or Slovenly Peter, the story of a boy, who had bad manners. Hoffmann's didactic tales were written against all today's politically 'correct' principles - they were meant to scare children when they fail to follow the instructions of their elders. Der Struwwelpeter has been translated into some 30 languages and it has deeply influenced children's literature. Maurice Sendak, one of the most famous children's books illustrators, have stated about its drawings: "Graphically it is one of the most beautiful books in the world."

Hoffmann was born in Frankfurt am Main as the son Philipp Jacob Hoffmann, an architect, and Marianne Caroline (Lausberg) Hoffmann. He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg, Halle and also in Paris. After graduating in 1833, he worked as a general practitioner in his birth town. In 1840 Hoffmann married Therese Donner. From 1851 to 1888 he was the director of the state mental hospital in Frankfurt am Main. During these 37 year he improved in the hospital the psychiatric treatment of the patients, and started raising fund for a new hospital. He became a member of Freemasons but resigned because of their anti-Jewish opinions.

At the age of 33 Hoffmann published his first book, GEDICHTE. His next work, DIE MONDZÜGLER, was a play that mocked Hegel's philosophy. The story of Slovenly Peter was born in 1844, when Hoffmann wanted to buy a book for his son Carl as a Christmas gift, but did not find anything suitable. (Carl Hoffmann died at age 27 in Peru of yellow fever.) His first version of the story included five poems with a picture of Slovenly Peter, who did not want to comb his hair and cut his nails. He had used the character before when dealing with his small patients.

When Hoffmann's friends and patients, reading the book in the waiting room, encouraged him to publish the work, it appeared in 1845 under the title Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorirten Tafeln für Kinder von 3-6 Jahren. The name Struwwelpeter was no original part of the title, but added for the third German edition. It was not until the fifth edition, when the book was printed under Hoffmanns own name. Hoffmann illustrated himself the first edition, under the influence of an Russian children's book, Stepka-Rastrepka, which appeared in 1849. Many considered Hoffmann's pictures better.

The stories in Der Struwwelpeter are educational in the best traditions of macabre humour: a girl who plays with matches burn into ashes, thumbs are cut away with big scissors for sucking one's thums, small faults are punished by death. Hoffmann also published poetry, humor, and satir, several other children's books and works on medicine and psychiatry. BESUCH BEI FRAU SONNE was drawn in 1871-72 but the book did not appear until 1924. Hoffmann's KÖNIG NUSSKNACKER UND DER ARME REINHOLD (1851) has been very popular in Germany; it was the author's favorite book. Hoffmann died on September 20, 1894.


www.frankfurter-museen.de

Hoffmann's KÖNIG NUSSKNACKER UND DER ARME REINHOLD (1851) has been very popular in Germany; it was the author's favorite book.

Ci-contre, la version Russe...  


www.frankfurter-museen.de

Hoffmann's Slovenly Peter have often offered a basis for political satire or parody. During World War II appeared Struwwelhitler, a nazi story book by Doktor Schrecklichkeit by Robert and Philip Spence (ca 1942). In the 1960s in Germany Slovenly Peter was a rioting student in Der Struwwelpeter neu frisiert oder lästige Ge-schichten und dolle Bilder für Bürger bis 100 Jahre by Eckart and Rainer Hachfeld (1969).

For further reading: Das "Irrenschloss" des Heinrich Hoffmann by Helmut Siefert (1998); Heinrich Hoffmann und Der Struwwelpeter: eine Bibliographie der Sekundaerliteratur , ed. by Walter Sauer (1998); Heinrich Hoffmann by Roland Hoede (1994); Der Struwwelperter polyglott, publ. by Walter Sauer (1984); Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann: Texte, Bilder, Dokumentation, Katalog, ed. by G.H. Herzog & H. Siefert (1978); Dr Heinrich Hoffmann's Struwwelpeter by M.L. Könneker (1977); Der Struwwelpeter, un analogue graphique et narratif des machines de tortures et de persécution pédagogiques au XIXème siècle, ed. by Boris Eizykman (1979); Psykoanalytische Schriften zur Literatur und Kunst by Georg Groddeck (1964); Der Struwwelpeter und andere Original-Manuskripte des Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann, ed. by F. Wilhelm Arntz (1954); Der Struwwelpeter und Sein Vater by G.A.E. Bogeng (1939); "Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann" erzählt aus seinem Leben, ed. by Eduard Hessenberg (1926) - See also : Astrid Lindgren , whose world famous Pippi Longstockings represents anarchistic heroes in children's books but in a positive way - Heinrich-Hoffmann-Museum: Schubertstrasse 20, 6000 Frankfurt am Main. - Suomalaisista lähteistä parhaimpiin kuuluu Jörö-Jukka ja sen historia, toim. Markus Brummer-Korvekontion (1991)


www.frankfurter-museen.de


www.frankfurter-museen.de
Le Struwwelpeter a été traduit en près de 30 langues, et a profondément influencé la littérature enfantine

Selected works:

 

Heinrich-Hoffmann-Museum

Mit dem Struwwelpeter hat der Frankfurter Arzt Dr. Heinrich Hoffmann eine Ikone der Kinderliteratur erschaffen. Unvergessliche Reime, Geschichten, die in jedem (deutschen) Kinderzimmer Zuhause sind. In seinem Domizil zeigt das Museum alles über den schlimmen Buben, über den Suppenkasper, den Hans-Guck-in-die-Luft und über ihren Erfinder. Kinder können sich als Paulinchen oder Struwwelpeter im Spielzimmer verkleiden. Ihnen erschließen sich Museum und Dauerausstellung spielerisch z.B. mit einem Museumsquiz.

Weitere ausführliche Informationen zu Ausstellungen, Führungen und Veranstaltungen erhalten Sie unter www.frankfurter-museen.de

Heinrich Hoffmann

(auch: Polykarpus Gastfenger, Heulalius von Heulenburg, Reimerich Kinderlieb, Peter Struwwel)

Geb. 13.06.1809 Frankfurt am Main; gest. 20.9.1894 Frankfurt am Main

Der Sohn eines Architekten und städtischen Bauinspektors studierte Medizin in Heidelberg und Halle. Nach der Promotion (1833) und einem Fortbildungsaufenthalt in Paris errichtete er 1835 eine Praxis in Frankfurt/M. und wurde Leicheninspektor in Sachsenhausen. Von 1844 bis 1851 war er Anatomiedozent am Senckenbergischen Institut. In dieser Zeit beteiligte er sich an einer Armenklinik und wirkte an der Gründung eines »Ärztlichen Vereins« mit; 1848 saß er als bürgerlicher Liberaler im Frankfurter »Vorparlament«. Von 1851 bis 1888 war er als leitender Arzt in der »Anstalt für Irre und Epileptische« tätig; er erwarb sich beachtliche Verdienste um die Entwicklung der Jugendpsychiatrie.

 

Werke u.a. :

Subject: Re: Struwwelpeter
Posted by: Michael Levin on 1/31/2000:
In Reply to: Struwwelpeter posted by paul luby on November 15 1999 at 14:34:01:

Dear Paul and al,

Struwwelpeter might as well serve as a first edition of DSM (Diasgnostic and Statistical Manual of psychiatric disorders) for children. Cruel Frederick undoubtfully manifests Conduct Disorder, a precursor of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Poor Harriet is clearly pyromaniac, Augustus has Eating Disorder, and Little Suck-A-Thumb has habit disorder.

Fidgety Philip has underfocused, also known as hyperactive subtype of ADHD and Johnny Head-in-Air is overfocused aka ADHD, predominantly inattentive subtyp . And Flying Robert is, of course, a case of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (all diagnostic categories from DSM-IV).

Struwwelpeter is not the first book of nursery rhymes with strong psychopathological themes, the are plenty of examples in English and other languages, remember the girl with a curl (? bipolar disorder.)

Time permits, I would love to write a book on the subject, anyone interested in coathoring? Until then, best wishes,

Michael Levin, M.D.
San Ramon, CA

Subject: Slovenly Peter - comments
Posted by: Anne Follmar Crawford Lurie on 10/11/99:

Family rumour had it that my [Penna. Dutch]* mother *burned* a copy of "Slovenly Peter." I, in the naive presumptuous manner that only innocent children can have, often wondered about the relative value of "Streuwel Pieter"/ "Slovenly Peter" as a keepsake/auction item. I searched, idly, for information on the above title -- only to be reduced to tears by the actuality (translated by Mark Twain???).

The result: Mom, you were right. THANK YOU SO MUCH, that I never saw this as a child. And the good news, Mom, is that my neither my child nor my grandchildren will ever be exposed to this filth. I have seen stuff, and more stuff, but this is just filth.

[* mention of Penna. Dutch only to show that she was not anti-German]

Proud of my roots, I remain,

Anne Follmar Crawford Lurie
Raleigh, North Carolina

Subject: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments
Posted by: Richard M. Knox on 11/11/1999:
In Reply to: Slovenly Peter - comments posted by Anne Follmar Crawford Lurie on October 11 1999 at 06:47:50:

Whoa... Sounds like someone has some *issues*...

I was read this book as a child (auf Deutsch), and have just rediscovered it nearly 30 years later. Upon seeing the book again recently, I had an immediate reaction, but not of relived childhood traumatization, but of uncontrollable laughter. I was read these
stories(emphasis on having them read to me - I wouldn't suggest just giving a kid this book like a plopping him/her in front of a video)
with a combination of subtle conditioning (tho' it didn't stop me from playing with matches) AND humor. There was never any doubt that these stories were fiction, unlike the threat of eternal damnation I got from church (sorry cheap shot)... My memories of the stories were more like a bizzare fun house mirror than a chamber of horrors.
The outrageousness of the stories is a distancing device, one that allows a child to laugh and reflect at the same time. Sure they're not for everyone, but filth? (I suggest you DON'T purchase the edition with drawings by Sarita Vendetta) At worst it's Goofus and Gallant on Acid...

In all honesty I found some of Dr. Seuss' books (Esp. The Lorax)
to be more unsettling to me as a child.

RMK
W-S, NC

Subject: Re: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments
Posted by: Kristine on 3/06/2000:
In Reply to: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments posted by Richard M. Knox on November 11 1999 at 12:53:37:

I also just went back to the Max and Mortiz and Struwwelpeter books I read as a child. I amn writing a german paper on them, just a short research paper, and in it I remember the reactions I had to the books as a child. I remember being scared as a small child, but delighted that even though I sucked my thumbs, they were still connected to my hands. I think that Struwwelpeter is simply a mirror image of the booegyman, something we all learn to laugh at.

Subject: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments
Posted by: mary ann allen on 10/14/2000:
In Reply to: Slovenly Peter - comments posted by Anne Follmar Crawford Lurie on October 11 1999 at 06:47:50:

What a pity that you couldn't enjoy Slovenly Peter as it was meant to be enjoyed. My German parents gave me this book as a child. They knew it from their own childhoods.

I also had no problem with realizing that this was fiction. And it actually taught the results of doing evil or stupid things. We howled at these stories. I am ever grateful that I was given this book to read. I have my childhood book still. I made sure that my children and now my grandchildren also know the stories. Some almost by heart!

Mary Ann Allen

Subject: Re: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments
Posted by: Kathy on 1/24/2001:
In Reply to: Re: Slovenly Peter - comments posted by Kelly James on November 18 2000 at 02:07:15:

I loved this book as a child and was overjoyed when I found a reprint. My grown children also count it as one of their fondest childhood memories. And we've all grown up fairly well adjusted. I remember being more disturbed by reading stories of the saints, as recommended by the Catholic Church.

retour